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1

Reliability of sampling designs for spatial snow surveys

Kalle Kronholm, Karl W. Birkeland

Journal:

Computers & Geosciences

Year:

2007

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 451 KB

english, 2007

2

The stuffblock snow stability test: comparability with the rutschblock, usefulness in different snow climates, and repeatability between observers

Karl W Birkeland, Ron F Johnson

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

1999

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 543 KB

english, 1999

3

Meteorological variables to aid forecasting deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers

Marienthal, Alex, Hendrikx, Jordy, Birkeland, Karl, Irvine, Kathryn M.

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2015

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 521 KB

english, 2015

4

Pediatric renal transplantation without steroids

Sven Arvid Birkeland, Karl-Egon Larsen, Nils Rohr

Journal:

Pediatric Nephrology

Year:

1998

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 208 KB

english, 1998

5

First-line nurse managers’ perceptions of the challenges involved in decision-making when older patients’ wish to die

Holm, Anne Lise, Berland, Astrid Karin, Birkeland, Arvid Karl, Severinsson, Elisabeth

Journal:

Year:

2018

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 341 KB

english, 2018

6

A conceptual model of avalanche hazard

Statham, Grant, Haegeli, Pascal, Greene, Ethan, Birkeland, Karl, Israelson, Clair, Tremper, Bruce, Stethem, Chris, McMahon, Bruce, White, Brad, Kelly, John

Journal:

Natural Hazards

Year:

2018

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 817 KB

english, 2018

7

The Major Snow Avalanche Cycle of February 1986 in the Western United States

Karl W. Birkeland, Cary J. Mock

Journal:

Natural Hazards

Year:

2001

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 555 KB

english, 2001

8

Near-Surface Faceted Crystals Formed by Diurnal Recrystallization: A Case Study of Weak Layer Formation in the Mountain Snowpack and Its Contribution to Snow Avalanches

Karl W. Birkeland, Ron F. Johnson and D. Scott Schmidt

Journal:

Arctic and Alpine Research

Year:

1998

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 929 KB

english, 1998

9

Some Perspectives on Avalanche Climatology

Mock, Cary J., Carter, Kristy C., Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Annals of the American Association of Geographers

Year:

2016

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 722 KB

english, 2016

10

Some recent advances in snow and avalanche science

Hans-Peter Marshall, Jürg Schweizer, Karl Birkeland

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2011

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 140 KB

english, 2011

11

A field study on failure of storm snow slab avalanches

Edward H. Bair, Ron Simenhois, Karl Birkeland, Jeff Dozier

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2012

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.66 MB

english, 2012

12

A statistical validation of the snowpack model in a Montana climate

Christopher C Lundy, Robert L Brown, Edward E Adams, Karl W Birkeland, Michael Lehning

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2001

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 253 KB

english, 2001

13

In Response to Avalanche Fatalities in the United States by Jekich et al

Birkeland, Karl W., Greene, Ethan M., Logan, Spencer

Journal:

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

Year:

2017

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 245 KB

english, 2017

14

Assessing changes in the spatial variability of the snowpack fracture propagation propensity over time

Jordy Hendrikx, Karl Birkeland, Martyn Clark

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2009

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 3.71 MB

english, 2009

15

ARID1A loss is prevalent in endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and low-grade endometrioid carcinomas

Werner, Henrica M J, Berg, Anna, Wik, Elisabeth, Birkeland, Even, Krakstad, Camilla, Kusonmano, Kanthida, Petersen, Kjell, Kalland, Karl H, Oyan, Anne M, Akslen, Lars A, Trovik, Jone, Salvesen, Helga

Journal:

Modern Pathology

Year:

2013

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 266 KB

english, 2013

16

Finding Evolutionary Processes Hidden in Cryptic Species

Struck, Torsten H., Feder, Jeffrey L., Bendiksby, Mika, Birkeland, Siri, Cerca, José, Gusarov, Vladimir I., Kistenich, Sonja, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Liow, Lee Hsiang, Nowak, Michael D., Stedje, Brita,

Journal:

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Year:

2017

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.30 MB

english, 2017

17

Relating complex terrain to potential avalanche trigger locations

Guy, Zachary M., Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2013

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 2.60 MB

english, 2013

18

Using 2m Extended Column Tests to assess slope stability

Bair, Edward H., Simenhois, Ron, van Herwijnen, Alec, Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2015

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 619 KB

english, 2015

19

On optimal stability-test spacing for assessing snow avalanche conditions

Birkeland, Karl W., Hendrikx, Jordy, Clark, Martyn P.

Journal:

Journal of Glaciology

Year:

2010

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.06 MB

english, 2010

20

Cryptic Species – More Than Terminological Chaos: A Reply to Heethoff

Struck, Torsten H., Feder, Jeffrey L., Bendiksby, Mika, Birkeland, Siri, Cerca, Jose, Gusarov, Vladimir I., Kistenich, Sonja, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Liow, Lee Hsiang, Nowak, Michael D., Stedje, Brita,

Journal:

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Year:

2018

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 245 KB

english, 2018

21

Temporal changes in the mechanical properties of snow related to crack propagation after loading

Birkeland, Karl W., van Herwijnen, Alec, Reuter, Benjamin, Bergfeld, Bastian

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2018

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.95 MB

english, 2018

22

Changes in the shear strength and micro-penetration hardness of a buried surface-hoar layer

Birkeland, Karl W., Kronholm, Kalle, Schneebeli, Martin, Pielmeier, Christine

Journal:

Annals of Glaciology

Year:

2004

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 120 KB

english, 2004

23

Snow Avalanche Climatology of the Western United States Mountain Ranges

Mock, Cary J., Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Year:

2000

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.10 MB

english, 2000

24

Field measurements of sintering after fracture of snowpack weak layers

Birkeland, Karl W., Kronholm, Kalle, Logan, Spencer, Schweizer, Jürg

Journal:

Geophysical Research Letters

Year:

2006

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 142 KB

english, 2006

25

Mapping starting zone snow depth with a ground-based lidar to assist avalanche control and forecasting

Deems, Jeffrey S., Gadomski, Peter J., Vellone, Dominic, Evanczyk, Ryan, LeWinter, Adam L., Birkeland, Karl W., Finnegan, David C.

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2015

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 2.07 MB

english, 2015

26

Spatial patterns of surface hoar properties and incoming radiation on an inclined forest opening

Lutz, Eric R., Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Journal of Glaciology

Year:

2011

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.33 MB

english, 2011

27

In situ and photographic measurements of avalanche crown transects

Edward H. Bair, Karl W. Birkeland, Jeff Dozier

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2010

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.11 MB

english, 2010

28

Tumor necrosis is an important hallmark of aggressive endometrial cancer and associates with hypoxia, angiogenesis and inflammation responses

Bredholt, Geir, Mannelqvist, Monica, Stefansson, Ingunn M., Birkeland, Even, Bø, Trond Hellem, Øyan, Anne M., Trovik, Jone, Kalland, Karl-Henning, Jonassen, Inge, Salvesen, Helga B., Wik, Elisabeth, A

Journal:

Year:

2015

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 4.30 MB

english, 2015

29

Review of spatial variability of snowpack properties and its importance for avalanche formation

Jürg Schweizer, Kalle Kronholm, J. Bruce Jamieson, Karl W. Birkeland

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2008

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.08 MB

english, 2008

30

Heart rate adjustments and analysis of recovery patterns of ST-segment depression in type 2 diabetes

Odd Erik Johansen, Thorvald Bjurö, Knut Endresen, Karl G. Blaasaas, Kåre Birkeland, Svend Aakhus, Lars Gullestad

Journal:

International Journal of Cardiology

Year:

2008

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 219 KB

english, 2008

31

An update on applied snow and avalanche science: Selected papers from the 2008 International Snow Science Workshop

Bruce Jamieson, Jürg Schweizer, Karl W. Birkeland

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2009

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 136 KB

english, 2009

32

The Extended Column Test: Test effectiveness, spatial variability, and comparison with the Propagation Saw Test

Ron Simenhois, Karl W. Birkeland

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2009

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.08 MB

english, 2009

33

Variability of snow layer hardness by aspect and prediction using meteorological factors

Mark C Kozak, Kelly Elder, Karl Birkeland, Phillip Chapman

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2003

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 956 KB

english, 2003

34

Estimating the effective elastic modulus and specific fracture energy of snowpack layers from field experiments

VAN HERWIJNEN, ALEC, GAUME, JOHAN, BAIR, EDWARD H., REUTER, BENJAMIN, BIRKELAND, KARL W., SCHWEIZER, JÜRG

Journal:

Journal of Glaciology

Year:

2016

File:

PDF, 729 KB

2016

35

Surface hoar characteristics derived from a snow micropenetrometer using moving window statistical operations

Eric Lutz, Karl W. Birkeland, Kalle Kronholm, Kathy Hansen, Richard Aspinall

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2007

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 766 KB

english, 2007

36

Quantifying changes in weak layer microstructure associated with artificial load changes

Eric Lutz, Karl Birkeland, Hans-Peter Marshall

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2009

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 713 KB

english, 2009

37

Feeding Behavior of Asteroids and Escape Responses of their Prey in the Puget Sound Region

Mauzey, Karl P., Birkeland, Charles, Dayton, Paul K.

Journal:

Year:

1968

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 3.30 MB

english, 1968

38

Using time lapse photography to document terrain preferences of backcountry skiers

Saly, Diana, Hendrikx, Jordy, Birkeland, Karl W., Challender, Stuart, Johnson, Jerry

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2020

File:

PDF, 15.63 MB

2020

39

Combining GPS tracking and survey data to better understand travel behavior of out-of-bounds skiers

Sykes, John, Hendrikx, Jordy, Johnson, Jerry, Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Applied Geography

Year:

2020

File:

PDF, 21.59 MB

2020

40

Age Prediction Based on Stem Size for Riparian Cottonwood Stands

Virginia H. Hinchman and Karl W. Birkeland

Journal:

The Southwestern Naturalist

Year:

1995

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.06 MB

english, 1995

41

International Snow Science Workshop 2006

J. Andrew Gleason, Karl W. Birkeland, Jürg Schweizer

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2008

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 91 KB

english, 2008

42

Temporal changes in the slope–scale spatial variability of the shear strength of buried surface hoar layers

Spencer Logan, Karl Birkeland, Kalle Kronholm, Kathy Hansen

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2007

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 490 KB

english, 2007

43

Avalanche crown-depth distributions

Bair, Edward H., Dozier, Jeff, Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Geophysical Research Letters

Year:

2008

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 433 KB

english, 2008

44

Potential dry slab avalanche trigger zones on wind-affected slopes in central Svalbard

Eckerstorfer, Markus, Farnsworth, Wesley R., Birkeland, Karl W.

Journal:

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Year:

2014

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 2.55 MB

english, 2014

45

Estimating the effective elastic modulus and specific fracture energy of snowpack layers from field experiments

VAN HERWIJNEN, ALEC, GAUME, JOHAN, BAIR, EDWARD H., REUTER, BENJAMIN, BIRKELAND, KARL W., SCHWEIZER, JÜRG

Journal:

Journal of Glaciology

Year:

2016

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 729 KB

english, 2016

46

Terminology and Predominant Processes Associated with the Formation of Weak Layers of Near-Surface Faceted Crystals in the Mountain Snowpack

Karl W. Birkeland

Journal:

Arctic and Alpine Research

Year:

1998

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.29 MB

english, 1998

47

In Memoriam: Barry Chapman Bishop, 1932-1994 || Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated with Heavy Snowfall Events, Bridger Bowl, Montana, U.S.A

Karl W. Birkeland and Cary J. Mock

Journal:

Mountain Research and Development

Year:

1996

Language:

english

File:

PDF, 1.32 MB

english, 1996

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